Pnina Segal was born in 1938 in Łódź as Lusia Kałuszyner. Her father, Maksymilian, owned a textile factory. Her mother, Maria née Landau, studied at the university and spoke French. Pnina Segal's only brother died of scarlet fever before she was born. After the outbreak of World War II and the Germans entering Łódź, Pnina Segal's parents decided to send their daughter to her mother's parents living in Piotrków Trybunalski. After some time, Maksymilian and Maria also moved to Piotrków. After the deportations from Piotrków began, her mother's parents and her brother were sent to Treblinka, while her father probably died of typhus. When Pnina Segal's mother was taken from the Piotrków ghetto to a forced labor camp in an ammunition factory in Skarżysko, the girl was left in the care of her aunt Sala. For some time, Pnina Segal, her aunt, and her daughter Janka hid from the deportations. During one of the deportations, however, they were taken to the camp in Bliżyn, and from there, in July 1944, to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Despite her very young age, Pnina Segal, probably due to an oversight, went through selection on the camp ramp. After some time in Birkenau, Sala and Janka died in the camp. Until the liberation by the Russians, Pnina Segal was cared for by women from the block. She was one of the youngest prisoners to survive the camp. For six weeks, until she was reunited with her mother, who had survived the camps in Skarżysko and Częstochowa, Pnina Segal stayed in the city of Oświęcim under the care of the Nowak family. Shortly afterwards, Pnina Segal and her mother left Poland and reached Israel in 1947 via Germany. Pnina Segal often visited Poland, both privately and as part of meetings with young people on education about the Holocaust. She died in 2016. INTERVIEWEE’S NAME: Pnina Segal INTERVIEWED BY: Joanna Król-Komła RECORDING: Przemysław Jaczewski DATE OF RECORDING: October 31, 2014 COPYRIGHT TO THE RECORDING: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS: 00:00:33 - Childhood, family, death of brother, parents, holiday trips before the war. 00:01:49 - Outbreak of the war, the interviewee being transferred to her grandparents in Piotrków Trybunalski, arrival of her parents and aunt Sala to Piotrków, the ghetto in Piotrków and deportations to Treblinka. 00:05:09 - Forced relocation in the ghetto, illness and death of her father, her mother’s work in a shoemaker’s workshop, her mother’s deportation to Skarżysko. English: 00:07:46 - Hiding during the action in the ghetto, deportation to Bliżyn, hiding during selection, deportation to Birkenau. 00:13:05 - Receiving the transport at Auschwitz-Birkenau, reception procedure and tattooing the number, accommodation and meals in the camp, death of an aunt and her daughter in the camp. 00:17:55 - Care of women from the block, clothing in the camp, liberation of Birkenau by the Russians, leading out of the camp by Kazia Nowak, stay in the Nowaks' house. 00:21:46 - Mother's stay in Skarżysko, mother's transfer to Częstochowa and liberation, mother's return to Łódź, search for her daughter and reunion of Lusia (Pnina Segal) with her mother, survivors from the Kałuszyner family, emigration to Israel, 00:27:42 - Departure to Israel via Germany, learning Hebrew, arrival in Israel, marriage and family. English: 00:31:12 - Visits to Poland with Israeli youth, visit to Chełmno, visit to the POLIN museum. 00:35:26 - Conversations with my mother in Polish, finding Kazia Nowak, Kazia's family, her death on Yom Kippur. 00:41:57 - Looking at photos. 00:53:48 - Visits and friends in Poland, spending a wedding anniversary in Poland, marriage – short, joint statements by the interlocutor and her husband. 01:05:27 - Letter from Robert Benigni. Discover the POLIN Museum's oral history collection: https://sztetl.org.pl/pl/historia-mow... Subscribe to our channel: / @historiamowionapolin Watch the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews channels: POLIN (announcements and reports from events at the Museum): / muzeumpolin_official Virtual Shtetl (history and culture of Polish Jews): / wirtualneshtetl Polish Righteous (stories of help provided to Jews during the Holocaust): / polscysprawiedliwi Contact for interview sharing: [email protected] #PolinMuseum #SpokenHistory #oświęcim