00:00 OP 00:56 Predictive brain 03:38 Why immature? 07:05 Prone to black-and-white thinking 07:57 Treatment 09:40 Imposition of values? Today, I will talk about the theme of "Treatment for immature thinking neurodevelopmental disorders". "Neurodevelopmental disorders" may not be familiar to you, but they are "developmental disorders". ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and LD (Learning Disability). Currently, they are called "developmental disorders", but in the future they will be called "neurodevelopmental disorders". I would like to continue to explain them as neurodevelopmental disorders as much as possible. I will talk about why they are immature. ■ Predictive brain Humans do not see reality as it is, but create a world in their brains, a virtual reality world. They are constantly making predictions (models) in their brains. They recognize the discrepancy between the new reality they see and the world in their brains, and appropriately correct the reality in their brains or act. We know that the greater the discrepancy between reality and the world predicted in the brain, the more stressed we feel. This discrepancy causes stress, which leads to anxiety and anger, and our consciousness is activated in the sense that we need to solve the problem, leading to cognitive correction and behavior. How is the world inside the brain, the world of virtual reality, created, and what does it consist of? First of all, it is memory. Memories, experiences, and knowledge. Then there is the original wiring of the brain. The brain is an organ, a physical substance, so it follows the laws of physics. Memories and other things are written into the biological thing that follows those physical laws, that is, the brain. It's like hardware and software. As a result, the world of virtual reality is created in the brain. I think it's hard to understand when you say wiring, but it's what makes up the brain. It's different for each person, the way it's constructed. It's almost the same, but there are subtle differences. It's subtly different because of different genes. Genes are like blueprints, so everyone's blueprints are slightly different. So the world that is received in the brain and created is different. What people think is beautiful or cool is different for each person. The reason why food tastes good or bad is different for each person may be due to wiring problems or memory problems. Twins like the same things. Even if they have different memories and grew up in different places, they like the same things, so I think the influence of genes is strong. Another thing is the situation. What you see is different depending on the situation at the time. What you see is different depending on whether you are tired or not, and whether something good or bad happened before, so the situation has a big influence. ■ Why are they immature? The reason why people with developmental disorders have an immature world in their brains and do not match their age is because, first of all, their senses are different. The sense of receiving things is different. We call it sensory hypersensitivity, but compared to the majority of typical people, they are very sensitive and receive things in a different way. This is the person's personality or worldview, but because their memories and wiring are different, they end up looking strange or immature to the majority of people. Another reason is that they are not good at organizing the knowledge they memorize. I can remember concrete things, but I'm not good at combining concrete things into abstract concepts, or turning them into something that can be applied. I'm good at remembering pictures as they are, but I'm not good at putting them together and applying them, or making my own compositions. This is called a "lack of central binding ability." I can't put the individual memories in my brain together and forget the rest, so it feels like I'm always remembering concrete information. It's like I can't organize it, or I can't organize it. I'm also not good at seeing things from other people's perspectives. I'm not good at looking at things from a different angle, or looking at them from a different approach. In that sense, I can't make full use of my past experiences. I can't apply them. So, in a good sense, I can't give up, and I don't become like, "That's just how the world is," and I don't mature. Because I just remember things as they are, I become a child who knows everything. Whether it's memories, personality, or the person or character, they say it's "touch screen type," but each one remains like a slideshow. It's like a video game where the level of Super Mario changes, or the software changes, so it's not an open world. Many people have an open world