Omar Khayyam (b. May 18, 1048, Nishapur, Iran - d. December 4, 1131, Nishapur, Iran) was an Iranian astronomer, scientist, poet, scholar and philosopher. His real name is Giyaseddin Abu'l Feth Omar Ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam. Omar Khayyam is the founder of the ruba'i genre in Iranian and Eastern literature. Many associations have been established in his name in Western countries and his ruba'i have been translated into all Western languages. He has many inventions and important works in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy and medicine. He is considered the greatest scholar the East has produced after Ibn Sina. He was born on May 18, 1048 in Nishapur, Iran. Omar Khayyam was the son of a tentmaker. Therefore, he took his surname, which means tentmaker in the Persian language, from his father's profession. Omar Khayyam gained more fame as a scholar during his lifetime. Apart from rational sciences such as mathematics, physics, astronomy and medicine, he was also very interested in music and poetry. Living in the Seljuk period in Iran, Khayyam visited the big cities of Khorasan, scientific centers such as Balkh, Bukhara and Merv, and also went to Baghdad. He was very close to the rulers of his time, especially the Seljuk Sultan Malikshah and the Karakhanid Shams al-Mulk. He was a frequent guest in their palaces and gatherings. According to what Rashid al-Din narrates in his work “Jami-ut-Tevarih”, Nizamulmulk and Hasan Sabbah were schoolmates and close friends with Omar Khayyam. Since Nizamulmulk was very confident in his knowledge, he asked Khayyam to help him with state administration, but he declined this offer because he preferred to stay away from palace intrigues until the end of his life. In all sources written during his own time and in later ages, it is written that Omar Khayyam acquired all the knowledge of his time, engaged in deep discussions in those areas, and taught jurisprudence, theology, literature, history, physics, and astronomy. Khayyam wrote various works in the fields of physics, metaphysics, mathematics, astronomy, and poetry. Among the scientific books he wrote were the commentary and translation of Ibn Sina's work Temcid (Exaltation), On Algebra and Geometry, A Summary in the Field of Physical Sciences, Summary of Knowledge Concerning Being, Formation and Opinions, Measure of Wisdom, and Garden of Minds. His greatest work was the Treatise of Algebra. Omar Khayyam, whose mathematical knowledge and talent were far ahead of his time, made successful studies on equations. In addition, he was the first person to discover the binomial expansion and the coefficients in this expansion. Khayyam did not write down most of his works, but he is the unsung hero of many theories and inventions. He put in a lot of effort for the calendar known as the “Celali Calendar”, which he completed on March 21, 1079. While this calendar, which was organized according to the solar year, made an error of one day in 5000 years, the “Gregorian calendar” we use today makes an error of one day in 3330 years. What determined Omar Khayyam’s place in the history of literature and caused him to be remembered as one of the greatest poets of the Islamic world in the following centuries were the quatrains he wrote. Omar Khayyam was the founder of the quatrain genre in Persian and Eastern literature. His quatrains, which are estimated to number around two hundred and have been passed down by word of mouth since those days, were works that left their mark on later ages. While writing his quatrains, Khayyam used a very easy-to-understand, fluent and clear language. He was realistic in his poems. He expressed what he experienced and observed as it was. According to him, the most infallible measure was reason and common sense. Mankind could only reach the truth through reason. In his poems, he criticized the injustices and absurdities of his time with a subtle and sarcastic language. He chose the subject of his quatrains from themes such as love, wine, the world, human life and the joy of living. He looked at the main textures of human life with a philosophical eye. He was remembered as “the star of Khorasan; the genius of Iran and Iraq, the prince of philosophers, Omar.” He ended his life in his birthplace, Nishapur, on December 4, 1131. The names of 18 of Khayyam’s works are known, he wrote many works in various branches of science. Ziyc-i Meliksah. (On astronomy and calendar, dedicated to Melikshah) Kitabun fi'l Burhan ül Sıhhat-ı Turuk ül Hind. (On geometry) Risaletün fi Berahin İl Cebr ve Mukabele. (On algebra and equations) Müşkilat'ül Hisab. (On arithmetic) İlm-i Külliyat (On general principles) Nevruzname (On determining the calendar and the new year) Risaletun fil Ihtiyal li Marifet. (On knowing the amount of gold and silver in an object made of gold and silver. A copy is available in the Gotha Library in Germany.) Risaletun fi Şerhi ma Eşkele min Musaderat (On a method for solving a pr