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Microbiota refers to the set of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with humans, on our skin, in our mucous membranes, in our intestines and that protect us from numerous diseases. The microbiota is a vast and complex world. It is made up of bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa. One gram of intestinal content contains approximately 1 billion bacteria. Scientific studies of the last decade are demonstrating that most bacteria do not cause disease, on the contrary. Prof. Giovanni Barbara, Full Professor of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology at the University of Bologna, explains how we can modulate the microbiota to counteract intestinal dysbiosis, that is, the overgrowth of bad bacteria inside the intestine, which causes irritation with consequent digestive disorders. We met him in Bologna at the SINGEM congress.