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Lecture of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic from 16 October 2018 by prof. Miroslav Bárta, Dr., director of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, FF UK Civilizations are not eternal, they arise, grow, reach peaks, decline, collapse and transform. Today, there is no doubt that learning the rules and laws that have a fundamental influence on these processes, based on the study of long time series, can represent one of the strategic fields of research in this century. How man coped with internal social processes in the past and today, maintained the social contract, managed natural resources and objectively advantageous forms of energy, as well as his ability or inability to adapt to external factors, have always been fundamental to his success or failure.