MATTER WAVES - Quantum Physics for Beginners 5
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Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond the 7th duc de Broglie in 1924 proposed the hypothesis that the dual character of light could also be valid for matter. For representing a great step for Physics, de Broglie received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1929. A question that certainly occurred to you was that if light (which until then was considered a wave, but behaved like a particle in certain situations) why not the electron, considered a particle, could not also behave like a wave depending on the experience? ? According to de Broglie, matter could also exhibit such dual behavior. de Broglie's proposal for the wave nature of matter extends to all matter such as protons, neutrons, atoms, molecules and not just electrons. However, things with very large mass, the wavelength is so small that it is negligible. In 1924, de Broglie postulated in his doctoral thesis that there should be a duality between matter and wave, as is the case with light, which can behave both as a particle and as a wave. Through his calculations, he was able to calculate the wavelength of particles, a quantity that until then was attributed only to waves. The de Broglie relation states that the wavelength (λ) of a body is given by the ratio of Planck's constant (h = 6.62.10-34 Js) to the momentum (p) of that body. In this way, it is possible to see that the wavelength related to a particle is inversely proportional to the mass and velocity, that is, the larger these quantities are, the shorter their wavelengths will be. Therefore, detecting these waves of matter is very complicated: the mass of the bodies involved must be very small, similar to the mass of subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons and neutrons. Furthermore, their speeds must be low enough to measure their wavelength. It is possible to observe the wave behavior of matter experimentally through the diffraction of electrons and neutrons. When these particles move at low speeds and cross a region between two or more atoms whose distance is comparable to their wavelength, they undergo diffraction: an essentially wave phenomenon. This type of experiment is widely used to determine the crystalline structure of organic and inorganic molecules. #quantumphysics #matterwaves #debroglie
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