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The lecture aims to expand the traditional image of migration, which until now has been mainly focused on permanent emigration. But the movements between the old and the new world were much more varied, since from the middle of the 19th century the speeding up and cheapening of long-distance transport not only facilitated the journey across the ocean, but also the return to the homeland. This opened up the possibility of repeated - both several-year and seasonal - work trips. The lecture will not only offer an insight into the lives of these short-term migrants, but will also explain how their departures and returns affected their families, home communities and the entire environment of the Czech lands. Markéta Křížová (*1974) studied ethnology and history at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, and works as a professor at the Center for Ibero-American Studies at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. It deals with the original cultures of the New World, the colonial history of America, the impact of the encounter with American reality on European self-perception and European science, as well as the history of relations between Central Europe and the American continent. She published professional monographs The Ideal City in the Wilderness (2007, dedicated to Catholic and Protestant missions in the American territory), Slavery in the New World in the 16th-19th century (2013), with Monika Brenišín the comprehensive publication History of the Art of Latin America (2018) and, on the subject of migration, the book Behind the Great Lake: Memories of the Moravian Worker Matěj Poláček on Africa and South America (2017).