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2nd episode. Louis XI (July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) was the King of France from the Valois dynasty in 1461–1483. The reign of Louis XI was marked by political intrigues of a less than sensible nature, the purpose of which was to unite fragmented France and eliminate the independence of large feudal lords. In this, Louis XI was more successful than his predecessors: he is considered the founder of the absolute monarchy in France. Pious, cruel, and cautious, Louis XI was a colorful personality and was eagerly portrayed by historical novelists: Walter Scott in his works Quentin Durward and Charles the Bold, or Anne of Geierstein, the Maid of Obscurity, and Victor Hugo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The main sources for his reign are the notes of the royal adviser Philippe de Commines, the chronicles of the court historiographers Jean de Castel and Mathieu Levrien, "The Acts of Charles VII and Louis XI" by the Bishop of Lisieux Thomas Bazaine, "The Chronicles and Annals of France" by the royal secretary Nicolas Gilles, and "The Scandalous Chronicle" by the Parisian notary Jean de Roy. That's right. Echo of Moscow. Historian Natalia Ivanovna Basovskaya tells the story. Please support our channel by subscribing. Leave your comments and follow our publications!