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William Marx's inaugural lecture given on January 23, 2020. William Marx is a professor at the Collège de France and holder of the Comparative Literature chair. Full text of the inaugural lecture: https://books.openedition.org/cdf/10102 Find videos of his teachings: https://www.college-de-france.fr/site... A new chair entitled Comparative Literature has been entrusted to the historian of literature, writer and essayist William Marx. It will treat literature as a universal fact, of global extension and transhistorical scope, albeit in extremely diverse ways. On what scale should any problem of literary history be considered? The European scale applies to a large number of subjects of interest to French literature. But which Europe will it be? A broad definition is required, integrating the literatures of European languages, from whatever continent they come from, and in particular the Americas. But why stop there? Since classical antiquity, Mediterranean and Eurasian exchanges brought European cultures into contact with Africa and Asia, and they have continued to become more complex, particularly with the movements of colonization and then decolonization. The permeability of cultures and the circulation of works form a fundamental fact of their history. However, the very notion of literature is problematic, with all that it implies in terms of historically dated and geographically localized presuppositions and uses: roughly, Europe of the last two centuries. This is why the title of this chair has been put in the plural, and it proposes the study not of literature, but of literatures, whose diversity should first be postulated, not only linguistic, but cultural and anthropological. It will be a question of exploring a problem, that of the plurality of so-called literary objects, their nature, the corpora they form, their functions and their historical and cultural variability. Read more: https://www.college-de-france.fr/site... Discover all the resources of the Collège de France: https://www.college-de-france.fr Follow us on: Facebook: / college.de.france Instagram: / collegedefrance Twitter: / cdf1530