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👉 More World History Videos • World History The Ptolemaic dynasty was one of the most important rulers of ancient Egypt, although its roots go back to Macedonia. The founder of the dynasty was Ptolemy I. Soter, general of Alexander the Great, who after the death of his leader became satrap of Egypt and then king. The Ptolemies consolidated their power by marrying within their own family, which led to frequent incest. This phenomenon was also evident in the most famous member of the family, Cleopatra VII, who was the last Egyptian queen. The dynasty went through several internal power struggles, political intrigues and brutal murders, which contributed to its gradual destabilization. Cleopatra's relationship with Mark Antony and her attempts to save the dynasty from Roman power ultimately led to the house's disastrous downfall. After the death of Cleopatra and her son Ptolemy XV. Caesarion, Egypt became a Roman province, ending nearly 300 years of Ptolemaic rule. Names: Ptolemy I. Soter, Cleopatra VII., Ptolemy XV. Caesarion, Marcus Antonius, Alexander the Great, Arsinoe II, Philip II. Macedonian, Ptolemy VI., Antiochus III., Berenice II., Lysimachos, Keraunos, Sosibius, Agathokles, Octavianus. Events: Fall of Alexander, dynastic wars, Battle of Actium, death of Cleopatra, Roman intervention in Egypt. Locations: Egypt, Alexandria, Thrace, Cyrenaica, Memphis, Nubia, Nubia, Actium, Thrace. Ptolemy I Soter (reigned 305–282 BC) Ptolemy II Philadelphus (reigned 283–246 BC) Ptolemy III. Euergetes (reigned 246–222 BC) Ptolemy IV. Philopator (reigned 222–204 BC) Ptolemy V Epiphanes (reigned 204–180 BC) Ptolemy VI. Philometor (reigned 180–145 BC) Ptolemy VII. Neos Philopator (reigned briefly after the death of Ptolemy VI.) Ptolemy VIII. Euergetes II. (Physkon) (reigned 145–116 BC) Ptolemy IX. Soter II. (Lathyros) (reigned 116–107 BC, 88–81 BC) Ptolemy X. Alexandros I (reigned 107–88 BC) Ptolemy XI. Alexander II (reigned 80 BC) Ptolemy XII. Auletes (reigned 80–58 BC, 55–51 BC) Ptolemy XIII. (reigned 51–47 BC) Ptolemy XIV. (reigned 47–44 BC) Ptolemy XV. Caesarion (reigned 44–30 BC) Cleopatra VII.