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In modern Russia, the word "liberal" is practically a swear word. But it was not always like that. In the 1990s, the liberal democratic brand was staked out by Vladimir Zhirinovsky's party. True liberals preferred to call themselves democrats. For example, the party of the head of the first reformist government of the Russian Federation, Yegor Gaidar, was called "Democratic Choice". At the beginning of Putin's presidency, liberalism in the government rhetoric meant something positive - at least worthy of respect. But by 2007, the Russian president began to distance himself from political liberalism, which implies a change of power and freedom of opinion. In 2019, in an interview with the Financial Times, he said that "the liberal idea has finally outlived its usefulness." At the same time, Putin most likely has no personal complaints against liberals. He was the deputy of the very liberal mayor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak; Liberals from Yeltsin's circle helped him come to power, and later — to pursue a fairly successful economic policy. Then why does he hate them so much? The Signal podcast is a supplement to the newsletter of the same name from the creators of Meduza. Our newsletter helps tens of thousands of readers truly understand the news. You can subscribe to the newsletter here — https://getsignal.news We answer all questions about Meduza's "undesirable" status:: https://mdza.io/lULIRk2rH8A Timestamps: 00:00 What we're talking about today 02:26 What do liberals want 05:48 How liberalism in Russia has become almost a swear word 09:25 Does Putin hate liberals?