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From the series A work of art as a source of knowledge of life in the Middle Ages. Women played a very important role in the lives of the Czech and Roman monarchs of the House of Luxembourg. We are not only thinking of their wives, who were supposed to ensure the continuation of the family and government, but also of numerous other women (mothers, daughters, mistresses), who more or less influenced their personality, life and even reign. We have the most information about their closest relatives and, of course, their wives. The Luxembourgers wanted to have as many offspring as possible, especially sons. Some were also aware of the importance of marriage policy. They knew that a successful marriage policy was a good basis for a successful government. Marriages were often politically motivated. By marriage, the monarch gained not only a wife and potential mother of his children, but also often the right to interesting territorial gains and political allies. The lecture will introduce the fateful women of well-known and lesser-known Luxembourgers.