744 views
The Komi-Permyaks are rural residents. When meeting, they most often use informal forms of greeting, although official ones, of course, also exist. So, seeing a fellow villager with buckets, a Komi-Permyak will definitely ask: "Vala munan?" instead of the usual Bur lun! or Hello! Or, for example, one Komi-Permyak came to visit another in the morning, he cannot help but ask at the entrance: "Chechchin ni?" instead of Bur asyv! or Hello! Of course, each phrase depends on the case, on the attitude of people towards each other. Formal Bur asyv! - Good morning! Bur lun! - Good afternoon! Bur ryt! - Good evening! Informal Chechchin ni? - lit. Are you awake yet? Vala munan? - lit. Are you going to get water? Bostasny munan? - lit. Are you going shopping? Vazhyn ni loktin? – literally. Have you been here for a long time? Borrowed Hello! Hello! The Komi-Permyaks are the indigenous people of the Perm Krai. According to the 2010 census, the number of Komi-Permyaks in the Perm Krai was 81.08 thousand people, including 57.3 thousand people in the Komi-Permyak Okrug. The highest figure was recorded in 1926, when the number of Komi-Permyaks reached 149.5 thousand people. The Komi-Permyaks became part of the Russian state in 1472. In 1925, the Komi-Permyak National (autonomous from 1977 to 2005) Okrug was formed - the first national okrug in Russia. Currently, the ethnic territory of the Komi-Permyaks retains the status of an okrug within the Perm Krai. The Komi-Permyaks have long called themselves Permyaks, Permichs, Permians. These self-names come from the word perm, which has been in written form for over a thousand years. Scientists trace the origin of the word perm to the language of the Vepsians, a Finnish-speaking people of Zaonezhie. From there it was brought to the Urals by the Novgorodians. In the Veps language it sounded like pera maa, meaning "distant land." On the upper Kama, the ancient ancestors of the Komi-Permyaks interpreted it as perem, and then gave it the form that became officially used - perm. It has been suggested that the name of the epic Komi-Permyak hero Pera comes from the word perm. Since the mid-1920s, the ethnonym Komi-Permyaks has been widely used. It includes the word komi, which, according to linguists, is the original self-name of the people and comes from their native language. It is believed that this word contains the concept of a person, a person of his tribe, people. The Komi-Permyaks are related in origin and language to the Komi (Komi-Zyryans) and Udmurts. In the language classification of the peoples of the world, the language of the three peoples is called Permian. It forms a subgroup of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family. The Komi-Permyak language began to form independently in the 11th century. The first written monuments (vocabularies, handwritten dictionaries) in the Komi-Permyak language date back to the 18th century. As for writing, several periods can be distinguished in the history of Komi-Permyak graphics. A brief look at the history of the creation of writing for the Komi peoples, including the Komi-Permyaks, allows us to conclude that any manifestation of an ethnic vision of the alphabet and original writing was harshly suppressed by the state, both in tsarist and post-revolutionary Russia. It is very difficult to establish the date and origins of the emergence of Komi writing. Epiphanius the Wise noted that the Komi peoples did not have a written language before Stephen of Perm.