Itaipu Dam, Brazil-Paraguay
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Itaipu Dam, Brazil Of the 20 turbines, 10 operate at 50 Hz for Paraguay and 10 at 60 Hz for Brazil, which gets around 15% of its electricity from Itaipu. Due to the low water level, only 13 were in operation recently. The tour shows towers on the dam crest which regulate the gates for the water inlet; inside there is a hall from which the turbines are maintained; below you can see a gigantic axle in operation. The huge dam represents a very serious intervention in the river ecology of the Paraná and affected the entire river basin because natural fish migration was interrupted, as the Latin America news reports. In addition, Atlantic rainforests were flooded and destroyed; the reforested forests look more like plantations and do not have nearly as much biodiversity. According to the operators of the binational Itaipu dam, the payment of royalties as compensation for hydroelectric production has brought the Brazilian and Paraguayan states more than US$12.8 billion since March 1985, of which more than US$3 billion went to the local communities bordering the power plant. The indigenous peoples received almost nothing. The triumphalist press reports should remind us of this when they write that after more than four decades, the financing for the construction of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant will be paid off on February 28, when the last payment is made on the loan taken out by the Brazilian government in the 1970s. The power plant will pay US$107 million to BNDES and US$8 million to Eletrobras. Debt service over the past four decades accounted for almost two-thirds of the plant's annual costs, or US$2.1 billion out of a budget of US$3.3 billion. The repayment of the loan has already created room for the reduction of the tariff paid by the Brazilian consumer, which fell from US$22.60/kW to US$18.97 last year and again to US$12.67 in January this year. Text: gegenstroemung.org
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