Intestinal ecosystem analysis and personalized probiotics
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http://www.medicinaeinformazione.com/ / medicinaeinformazione What was once called intestinal bacterial flora, and which today is known to be a real organ (of over a kilo) made up of bacteria, viruses and fungi, plays a fundamental role in determining the state of health and disease during life, and we know today, from increasingly numerous studies and research, that its balance (eubiosis) or imbalance (dysbiosis) depends on many factors that begin already in the pregnancy period, depend on the methods of birth, breastfeeding, the use of antibiotics in the first months of life... it is precisely in the first years of life that the so-called core microbiota is formed, that is, that set of microorganisms that will remain constant over time, even if gradually modified by lifestyle, diet, age, diseases... But why is it so important to know the composition of the microbiota? And what information can it provide to microbiologists first and to clinicians afterwards? And how can it be modulated based on the needs of children and adults with gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases first and foremost, but also of neurobiological origin such as autism, which recent studies have included among the pathologies that have a close link with the microbiota. We asked Dr. Lorenza Putignani, Head of the Parasitology Unit and Director of the Human Microbiota Research Unit at the Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital in Rome, who explained to us how today, thanks to new analysis technologies with latest-generation mass spectrometry, Next Generation Sequencing, we are able to identify a genetic and biochemical map of the intestinal ecosystem to verify the type of bacteria present. Knowing this data can be fundamental for modulating the microbiota with latest-generation probiotics (therefore personalized and no longer generic as was the case until now) in all those pathologies in which the balance is altered. Another goal achieved, for example in serious infections resistant to antibiotics such as Clostridium difficile, is to be able to treat patients with microbiota transplantation, a method that is being evaluated for use in many other pathologies associated with severe dysbiosis. And another important chapter that is emerging on the horizon is that of food therapy, that is, identifying dedicated nutritional pathways based on the needs of each patient to help restore the balance of the bacterial flora. Naturally, this type of diagnostic test on the microbiota should only be performed in highly specialized centers where there is close collaboration between the microbiologist and the clinician to ensure that each patient receives a unique and personalized path that can intervene on the symptom and therefore improve the quality of life, a primary goal in chronic pathologies such as chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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