4,805 views
Until much of the 19th century, Japan was a completely backward country. Its economy was feudal, its lands divided into several parts and it was influenced by other powers. However, Japan lived through a period that in history we call the Meiji Era (1868-1912), which is precisely the period in which Japan modernized. The Meiji Era was important because Japan began to position itself as a military power and as a strong economy that was open to foreign investment. Then, Japan began to want to impose itself against other countries such as China and Korea. Japan started a war against China that became known as the First Sino-Japanese War, which began in 1894. Despite being small, Japan was much more powerful militarily and defeated the Chinese, taking as its prize the influence in Korea and the island of Taiwan, which became a Japanese colony. But what happened in the Second Sino-Japanese War was much more severe. This second great war against the Chinese was marked by brutality and massacre on the part of the Japanese. One of the most traumatic and violent episodes of this conflict was the Nanjing Massacre, which took place in December 1937. The city of Nanjing was one of the sites of the Chinese defeat, but after the victory the Japanese pillaged the city and massacred not only members of the Chinese army but also the civilian population. One of the most conservative estimates says that 200,000 civilians were killed and thousands of women, including teenagers, were raped by Japanese soldiers. Japan also made incursions into other countries, such as the Philippines, carrying out the Manila Massacre, which was responsible for killing more than 100,000 Filipinos in the 1940s. Those who survived the massacre were forced to march on foot towards the camps that the Japanese had created to hold their prisoners. During these marches, the prisoners of war had no water or food and thousands died along the way. The Japanese also developed chemical and biological weapons that were used and tested on Chinese and Koreans. All these atrocities committed in war were constant and were present during Japanese imperialism. It is likely that between 1931 and 1945 the Japanese government killed approximately 8 million people if we add up all the wars of expansion in which the Japanese participated.