Howard Becker and the sociology of deviance
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The Illusory Guilt of the Outsider From a superficial perspective, society can be defined as: a group of people who live in a certain period of time and space, following a common pattern. But who creates such a pattern? Do we all accept the patterns to which we are subjected? And what happens when we do not act according to society's expectations? According to sociologist Howard Becker, social rules are created by specific groups that, having sufficient power, impose them on others. And those who do not follow the imposed rules will be labeled as deviants, understood as outsiders. Different social groups, with their histories, experiences and worldviews, create their own rules. These may be protected by institutions, but they are imposed by all members of the group, because they, when driven by the expectation that the patterns will be followed, will label those who may adopt attitudes that do not correspond to the determined rules. Furthermore, in a complex society where different groups coexist, a space for dispute will be created to establish which rules will prevail, meaning that a large part of society has not participated in the process of elaboration and does not identify with the rules that it is forced to follow. If a social class becomes dominant, it can impose its standards on other classes, also establishing which behaviors will be considered deviant and which individuals will be its outsiders. Thus, we can create the illusion that we are dysfunctional, wrong, and frustrated for not following the dominant standard without realizing that the deviation is only the result of a process of power struggle.
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