If you watch this together with the previous recovery conditions series, you will have a deeper understanding. • [Warning] 4 conditions for cerebral infarction recovery Outpatient rehabilitation Long-term care insurance Tokyo • "A must-see for those suffering from the aftereffects of stroke! Three rules for improving higher brain dysfunction and hemiplegia" 00:28 Why does paralysis occur? 04:59 Why is the recovery of the upper limbs slow? 10:40 What should I do to recover? We also deliver useful information to stroke victims [Nou Reha.COM] → http://nou-reha.com/ The reason why the upper limbs generally recover slower than the lower limbs after a stroke is because the upper limbs have a more complex control system. The areas of the brain that control the upper limbs are more extensively interconnected than the areas that control the lower limbs. Therefore, brain damage from a stroke can have a greater impact on the upper limbs. In addition, the upper limbs have a larger range of movement and greater degrees of freedom than the lower limbs, making them more difficult to control. The hands in particular require fine motor control and are often affected by strokes. Recovery of the upper limb also depends on the location and severity of the stroke, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Related PapersNudo, RJ (2013). Recovery after damage to motor cortical areas. Current opinion in neurobiology, 23(4), 585-589. Nudo's (2013) paper focuses on recovery after damage to the motor cortical area of ​​the brain. When areas of the motor cortex are damaged by stroke or trauma, patients can lose some or all of their motor function. This paper summarizes the results of recent studies and explains recovery after motor cortex damage. Recovery from motor cortex damage is based on neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity shows that even when the brain is damaged, it shows the ability to recover by reorganizing different areas and neural circuits. The mechanism of neuroplasticity is explained and it is shown that brain areas around the damaged area can substitute for the function of the damaged motor cortex. The paper also mentions the time and extent of recovery required. Recovery from motor cortex injury varies depending on the size and location of the injury, the age of the patient, and the impact of treatment on recovery. It has been shown that recovery is most rapid in areas surrounding the motor cortex. This paper provides important insights into recovery after motor cortex injury and is expected to help improve approaches to treatment and rehabilitation for patients with movement disorders. Rehme, AK, Eickhoff, SB, & Grefkes, C. (2013). State-dependent differences between functional and effective connectivity of the human cortical motor system. Neuroimage, 67, 237-246. Rehme et al. (2013) investigated the state-dependence of functional and effective connectivity in motor cortical regions of the brain. Understanding the characteristics of functional and effective connectivity of motor cortical regions is important in the treatment of upper limb paralysis after stroke, and this paper provides insights that contribute to this understanding. In upper limb paralysis after stroke, patients' motor cortical regions are damaged and their functional and effective connectivity are altered. Functional connectivity refers to the temporal relationship between different brain regions, while effective connectivity refers to the causal relationship between different brain regions. In this paper, the state-dependency of functional and effective connectivity was investigated by comparing healthy subjects and patients with upper limb paralysis. This study compared the changes in functional and effective connectivity in the resting and moving states. The results showed that there were differences in the patterns of intracerebral connectivity between healthy subjects and patients with upper limb paralysis in the resting and moving states. In addition, the patterns of functional and effective connectivity were also shown to differ depending on the patient's recovery state. Overall, this paper provides insights into the state-dependency of functional and effective connectivity in the brain in healthy subjects and patients with upper limb paralysis, and is expected to provide knowledge and strategies necessary for treatment. Grefkes, C., & Fink, GR (2014). Reorganization of cerebral networks after stroke: new insights from neuroimaging with connectivity approaches. Brain, 137(5), 1316-1331. Grefkes and Fink (2014) focus on new insights gained from neuroimaging with a connectivity approach on reorganization of the brain after stroke. Brain plasticity plays a key role in recovery after stroke. In this paper, they use neuroimaging to review the latest findings on brain plasticity after stroke. After a stroke, the brain can use plasticity to replace the function of damaged areas. The paper details the functional r