Studies conducted to date have investigated the effects of nutrition on healthy aging, protection against dementia, and protection against various chronic diseases such as vascular calcification and hardening, i.e. atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney failure, and cancer. Many studies conducted for this purpose point out that the Mediterranean diet is one of the healthiest nutritional models. The Mediterranean diet was first defined in a study covering seven countries in southern Europe with the longest life expectancy and the lowest rates of coronary heart disease, some cancers, and other diet-related chronic diseases from the 1950s to the 1960s. The Mediterranean diet is not a diet specific to us, but it is a form of nutrition that expresses the traditional nutritional habits of people living in countries bordering the Mediterranean, and dietary habits can vary considerably among Mediterranean countries. The Mediterranean-style diet is characterized by nine dietary components according to their consumption levels in countries bordering the Mediterranean. In this diet, high amounts of vegetables, legumes, fruits, and grains are consumed, and unsaturated fatty acids (mostly in the form of olive oil) are taken in high amounts. Fish consumption is moderate; Saturated fatty acids, milk (mostly cheese or yogurt) and meat consumption are low. In the Mediterranean diet, fresh fruit is preferred as a dessert and olive oil is preferred as the main fat source. The Mediterranean diet contains mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, arginine and antioxidants, including polyphenols, rich bioactive nutrients and phytochemicals. People who are more compliant with the Mediterranean diet have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. High compliance with the Mediterranean diet provides a 9% reduction in all deaths, 9% in deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, 6% in the frequency of cancer or cancer-related deaths, and 13% in the risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, the Mediterranean diet is thought to be a healthy nutritional model because it reduces the frequency of deaths in chronic diseases worldwide and provides a better recovery from the disease. Studies examining the Mediterranean diet have reported improvements in blood pressure, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, CRP levels, oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. The Mediterranean diet has a protective effect against vascular aging and therefore against dementia or Alzheimer's disease. The Mediterranean diet is considered a diet with antioxidant properties because it contains high amounts of fruits and vegetables (via vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, inflavonoids), olive oil (via monounsaturated fatty acids and tyrosol, caffeic acid and other phenolic compounds), and fish (polyunsaturated fatty acids). Therefore, it is known that this type of diet has a reducing effect on vascular aging.