How does a gearbox work? Gear stage, gear ratio, speed, torque, power
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In this video we cover the basics of gear technology. Gears are used in drills or bicycles, for example. They are used to control power and speed or torque and rpm. The conversion takes place in gear drives using gears, in belt drives using belts and pulleys, and in chain drives using chains and chainrings. Gears do not change the mechanical power, but only the ratio of power and speed or torque and rpm. This is ultimately a direct consequence of the conservation of energy. In this video, the formula for calculating power from power and speed or torque and rpm is derived. It becomes clear that the power or torque can only ever be increased at the expense of the speed or rpm. An important characteristic of a gear is the gear ratio, which indicates how much the speed change is in a gear. This gear ratio can be determined in gear and chain drives from the ratio of the number of teeth. In belt drives, the gear ratio is the ratio of the diameters of the pulleys. In multi-stage gears, the speed or torque conversion takes place in several stages. This means that large gear ratios can be achieved with small gear dimensions. Multiplying the individual gear ratios of the respective gear stages gives the overall gear ratio of the gear. If the speed is reduced by a gear and thus the torque is increased, this is referred to as a slow gear ratio. This is also colloquially known as a gear reduction. Conversely, if the speed is increased and thus the torque is reduced, this is referred to as a fast gear ratio. In contrast to gear or chain drives, the elasticity of the belt must be taken into account when converting the speed in belt drives. Due to the elasticity, stretching effects occur when the belt rotates around the pulleys. This causes the belt to slip over the pulleys. This leads to a loss of speed and thus a loss of speed. This phenomenon is called stretch-slip. Finally, in this video we look at the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of gear. 00:00 Example of the use of gears 01:59 Adjustment of force (torque) and speed (rpm) 04:04 Chain drives, gear drives and belt drives 04:43 Power during translational movements 06:51 Influence of force and speed by a gear 09:00 Power during rotational movements 10:35 Comparison of translational and rotational power 11:24 Relationship between power, torque and speed 13:06 Change in speed by a gear (derivation) 14:31 Gear ratio 15:38 Change in torque by a gear (derivation) 18:17 Gear efficiency 19:26 What is a gear stage? 22:21 Advantages and disadvantages of multi-stage gears 23:10 Translation into fast into slow (reduction) 24:50 How does a chain drive work? 26:04 How does a belt drive work? 27:36 Efficiency and slip in belt drives 29:55 Speed and power loss due to slip 30:59 Advantages and disadvantages of gear drives, belt drives and chain drives
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