➡️ Sign up on MyHeritage and enjoy a 14-day free trial and get 50% off if you decide to continue your subscription: https://bit.ly/QuestionsdHistoire2 ++++++++++++++++++++ ➡️ Donate on Tipeee and receive a gift: http://bit.ly/2vd6Om1 ➡️ Donate on KissKissBankBank and receive a gift: https://www.kisskissbankbank.com/fr/p... ++++++++++++++++++++++ In decline since the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire has been unable to overcome its chronic difficulties. At the beginning of the 20th century, numerous political crises and accelerating territorial losses threaten the Empire. Mustafa Kemal's energetic actions helped to save the territory, then to rethink the state and the nation through a series of radical reforms. Let's look back at this period of transition that saw the Ottoman Empire transform into a Republic. ++++++++++++++++++++ ➤Tipeee: http://bit.ly/2vd6Om1 ➤Utip: https://utip.io/questionsdhistoire ➤TikTok: / questions_dhistoire ➤Instagram: / questionsdhistoire ➤Facebook: / questiondhistoire ➤Twitter: / questiondhisto1 ➤Youtube: http://bit.ly/1WsHn5a ++++++++++++++++++++ ???? Bibliographic sources: Alexandre Jevakhoff, Atatrk: founding father of Turkey, Tallandier, 2021, 576p. Hamit Bozarslan, History of Turkey: from the Ottoman Empire to the present day, Tallandier, 2021, 704p. Hamit Bozarslan, History of Contemporary Turkey, Tallandier, 2016, 128p. ++++++++++++++++++++ ???? Internet links: The clothes of the revolution: Turkey between East and West, Alberto Ambrosio: https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire... Kemalism today, Seçil Deren: https://www.cairn.info/revue-outre-te... The Ottoman Empire and its minorities, François Nicoullaud: https://www.cairn.info/revue-apres-de... The Turkish state, party and parliamentarians facing the Armenian genocide (1908-1916): https://www.cairn.info/revue-parlemen... ++++++++++++++++++++ ???? Music credits: Alexandre Desplat – Argo OST Thomas Newman – 1917 OST Philip Glass – Symphony n°11 Necil Kazim Akses – Scherzo Necil Kazim Akses – Ballade Alexandre Desplat - Syriana OST Fazil Say – Istanul Symphony The Last Walk, composed by Bernd Wefelmeyer, ℗ & © Ring Music Gmbh / Music and Music. Frozen, composed by Jochen Schmidt-Hambrock, ℗ & © Mediatracks Music Ltd / Music and Music. Battle Stations, composed by Bruce H.Zimmerman, ℗ & © Very Big Tree Music Com Events / Music and Music. Sound effects: Freesound.org ???? Video credit: Payitaht Abdülhamid (2017-2021): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6536562 ++++++++++++++++++++ Thanks for watching! 00:00 - Introduction 01:24 – MyHeritage Sponsor 04:02 – The Decline of the Ottoman Empire 08:38 – The Young Turks 11:40 – The Balkan Wars and World War I 15:18 – The Turkish War of Independence 19:18 – The End of the Sultanate and the Caliphate 22:08 – Mustafa Kemal's Reforms 27:54 - Outro