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During the division of Germany, Helmstedt was the most important border crossing (Helmstedt checkpoint) between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, as well as the western end point of one of the transit routes to West Berlin. Helmstedt is the district town of the Helmstedt district in Lower Saxony (Germany). It lies between Elm and Lappwald, about 36 km east of Braunschweig and about 45 km west of Magdeburg on the border with Saxony-Anhalt.