► SUBSCRIBE HERE: https://steadyhq.com/it/lastoriasultu... In France, after the death of Louis XVIII, his successor Charles X was ousted from the throne for his anti-liberal policies; in his place, in July, Duke Louis-Philippe of Orleans was called as the new king of the French "by will of the nation". Instability also affected Italy: in February 1831 the duchies of Emilia and Romagna revolted. It all started in Modena: the Carbonari, led by the lawyer Enrico Misley and the merchant Ciro Menotti, began their plans to create a kingdom of central and northern Italy. In Bologna, on 26 February 1831, the provisional government of the United Provinces was born, a body that united the governments born from the duchies in the hands of the rebels. The rulers supported by the Holy Alliance once again resorted to an iron fist against the rebels. After yet another failure, one thing becomes certain: the sectarian organization is not working, without the masses we will not get anywhere. This is what a Genoese intellectual, born in 1805 and a Carbonaro since 1827, patriot of the Italian cause, is convinced of: Giuseppe Mazzini. The debate sees two sides: on one side we find the democrats, of which Mazzini is a part, who see in the popular initiative the way to unification, with the final goal of creating an Italian republic. On the other side we have the moderates who count more on the support of the Italian rulers to oust the occupier. For them the ideal solution is the federalism of the various states of the peninsula and not the insurrection. In the meantime Mazzini moves to France, to Lyon and then to Marseille, where he meets the former Piedmontese officer Carlo Bianco di Saint-Jorioz and founds a new secret society. In Marseille, in June 1831, Mazzini draws up the program for his movement: the Young Italy. The absolute priority is only one: independence from the foreigner. Mazzini's Italy would have been "one, free, independent and republican". The popular guerrilla warfare against a more organized and trained enemy, even if bloody, for Mazzini would have helped the spirit of identity and unity of the Italians. Victory would have come only with the fall of the two pillars of the restoration: the Austrian Empire and the Papal State. ► Discord Server: / discord ► Instagram (@lastoriasultubo): / lastoriasul… ► TikTok (@lastoriasultubo): https://vm.tiktok.com/ZM8tS7YR1/ ► Facebook: / lastoriasultubo ======================================= 00:00 - Europe in turmoil 00:53 - Modena revolt 02:21 - Giuseppe Mazzini 03:11 - Democrats vs. Moderates 03:35 - Mazzini in France and Young Italy 05:46 - Young Europe and the Law of God ======================================= A Specter Film Collective production www.specterfilmcollective.com STARRING: Francesco Furesi, Pietro Iacopo Benzi ART DIRECTION: Francesco Furesi SCREENPLAY: Pietro Iacopo Benzi, Francesco Furesi HISTORICAL CONTENT: Pietro Iacopo Benzi TEXT REVIEW: Francesca Faverio PHOTOGRAPHY: Mattia Rossetti DIRECT AUDIO: Edoardo Conti EDITING: Edoardo Conti SHORT EDITING: Martin Palacios MOTION DESIGN: Francesco Furesi, Mattia Rossetti, Lauryn Stella STOCK FOOTAGE: Pietro Iacopo Benzi COVER: Simone Acquaroli SOUND DESIGN & MIX: Andrea Romani PRODUCTION: Caterina Scalfi SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER: Fulvio Matera