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Étienne Klein is a philosopher of science and a research director at the CEA. He directs the CEA's Material Sciences Research Laboratory and is a member of the Academy of Technologies. He is interested in the question of time and other subjects that are at the crossroads of physics and philosophy. He is a professor at the École CentraleSupélec. He appears every day on France-Culture to read a column entitled “Le pourquoi du comment”. He recently published Courts-circuits, Gallimard, 2023, Idées de génies (with Gautier Depambour), Champ-Flammarion, 2021, Psychisme ascensionnel, éd. Arthaud, 2020, Le Goût du vrai, Gallimard, coll. Tracts, 2020. Statement of intent by Etienne Klein. Physicists have often wondered whether the beauty of a mathematical equation could be enough to guarantee its “physical truth”. This question has never ceased to divide them. They are roughly divided into two camps: those who, fascinated by the charm of beautiful theories, proclaim like Plato that “beauty is the brilliance of truth”; and the others, more sober, who know that beauty can deceive and who prefer first to examine the links that theories have or do not have with the results of experiments. Using examples from the history of physics, we will show that sometimes it is the former who have been right, and sometimes rather the latter.