Economic development: Brazil must resolve bottlenecks in professionalization I Helio Zylberstajn

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Published on Oct 18, 2024

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Subscribe to the UM BRASIL Channel Exclusive interview every Friday at 11 AM To learn more, visit: https://umbrasil.com Facebook, Instagram and Twitter: @CanalUMBRASIL *Interview recorded on August 13, 2024. There are reasons for economic optimism in the country, but we need to accelerate productivity and rethink education models, argues Helio Zylberstajn, senior professor at the School of Economics at the University of São Paulo (FEA-USP). Since the second quarter of this year, the unemployment rate has been below 7%, the lowest level in the historical series of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). For the country to continue this trend and start generating more formal jobs, the professor advocates the diversification of productive areas and investments in technical professionalization. In an interview with Canal UM BRASIL — produced by the Federation of Commerce of Goods, Services and Tourism of the State of São Paulo (FecomercioSP) —, Zylberstajn analyzes the labor market, opportunities for wealth generation and the effects of the Pension Reform. Check out what you will find in this interview: 0:00 — Opening 0:49 - Almost seven years after the approval of the labor reform, are the expected effects finally coming to fruition? How do you assess the relationship between these changes and the accelerated digitalization in the post-pandemic period? 3:25 - In light of the labor reform, how do you assess the safety net for workers today, especially in the post-pandemic period, considering that previously only 40% of them were protected by the legislation? 5:57 - You mentioned the growth of formal employment, which historically in Brazil has been surpassed by informal employment in times of economic recovery. Does this reversal, with formal employment growing more than informal employment, represent a structural or cyclical qualitative improvement? 8:06 - Professor, are there productivity gains in Brazil? And, if so, are they segmented or do they bring broad benefits to the economy? 12:55 - Can the reform of secondary education, with a focus on qualifying young people for the job market, help boost worker productivity? 17:25 - Does Brazil, with recent reforms and a focus on education and qualification, have enough muscle to improve the job market in the next decade? 20:06 - Is Brazil managing to put the right order between investment, consumption and work to promote economic growth, especially with recent choices and tax reform? 22:59 - How can the formalization of the job market in Brazil contribute to balancing the pension reform, and what obstacles can this disarray create for the country's expected economic recovery? 26:27 - What are your expectations regarding the space for political debate on society's understanding of the challenges of the job market in Brazil, and how can this contribute to improving the quality of work and taking advantage of the economic recovery? 28:23 - How are artificial intelligence, robotization and automation impacting Brazil's preparation for the challenges of the job market, and how can these elements help or hinder the progress we discussed throughout the conversation?

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