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According to modern cosmology, the Universe is only about 5% made up of known forms of matter and energy – the rest is the mysterious dark matter (~26%) and the even more mysterious dark energy (~69%). But how do we know that this is the case? What observational evidence has led us to conclude that we know almost nothing about 95% of the contents of the Cosmos? To explain this, we will delve into the last hundred years of cosmology and trace how our current (still incomplete) understanding of the scale, age and evolution of the Universe emerged from its hot beginnings called (not so happily) the Big Bang. Thumbnail source: Illustris Collaboration / Illustris Simulation Support the Copernicus channel: / @copernicuscenter https://patronite.pl/copernicus