Caesar vs. Pompey. The Die is Cast. The Roman Civil Wars #1
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Who was the great Roman general and statesman: Caesar or Pompey? Few people have had as much written about them over the centuries as Julius Caesar. Little has been written about his ally, son-in-law, and later enemy, Pompey the Great, who burst onto the Roman scene as a victorious twenty-three-year-old general and who, at the height of his career, was more famous than Caesar... The civil war between Caesar and Pompey began over the issue of Caesar's Gallic powers, which were legally due to expire in 49 BC. Caesar asked for an extension of these powers, but was refused. On January 10, 49 BC, with the famous words "The die is cast," Caesar crossed the Rubicon, a small river separating Cisalpine Gaul from Italy. And in Rome, everyone froze in fear. The senators calculated that reinforcements from Gaul would be able to join Caesar's single legion only in two weeks, and they believed that Caesar would be waiting for them. But he deceived the senators' expectations, and the terrible threat of civil war in Rome became a reality. Despite significant superiority at sea and the huge number of the army that Pompey could call upon in the eastern provinces, excessive optimism prevented him from meeting the enemy with dignity. Pompey began the struggle as the summoned head of the Roman state. The entire republic was obedient to him, with the exception of an insignificant part that stood behind Caesar. It was Pompey who convinced the senate that Caesar would not begin the invasion with a single legion. In addition, Pompey declared that he had ten legions at his disposal. Such a number could only be calculated taking into account the army stationed in Spain, but it still had to reach Rome. Moreover, as soon as Caesar began to advance south, it became obvious that Pompey had seriously overestimated the support that the cities of Italy could provide him. He announced to the Senate an immediate retreat, first to the south of the peninsula, and then from the city of Brundisium he crossed over to the Balkan Peninsula. There Pompey began intensively preparing his troops for a decisive battle.
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