In this video we look at the basics of milling metal and the various milling processes in more detail. A so-called cylindrical milling cutter can be used to produce a flat surface (called face milling). The cutting edges are arranged on the circumference. These do the main machining work and are therefore also referred to as peripheral milling. The milling cutter axis is parallel to the cutting surface during peripheral milling. Flat surfaces with a higher surface quality can be produced with a cylindrical face milling cutter. This type of milling cutter has cutting edges not only on the circumference but also on the front side. In this case, the milling cutter axis is no longer parallel but perpendicular to the cutting surface during milling. This is also referred to as face-peripheral milling. A cutter head milling cutter is ideal for high machining performance. This is fitted with hard metal indexable inserts on the front side. Very high cutting speeds can be used, which increases the machining performance accordingly. An end mill is often used for smaller surfaces to be milled or narrow closed grooves. At first glance, the end mill looks like a drill, but usually has 4 cutting edges. The materials used for end mills are usually high-speed steel or solid carbide. The cutting edges can also be coated. Special disc milling cutters can also be used for deeper open grooves. These offer high stability and cutting performance even with deep cuts and may be less susceptible to vibration than end mills. To produce parallel grooves, several disc milling cutters can also be arranged in parallel (called set milling). To produce a so-called T-slot for use with T-nuts, the existing simple groove is reworked with a special T-slot milling cutter. Another distinction in milling is made with regard to the cutting and feed movement. In up-cut milling, the cutting speed and feed speed are opposite. The force increases continuously, only reaches its maximum shortly before the cutting edge emerges from the material and drops suddenly when it emerges. A particularly stable workpiece clamping and as little play as possible in the machine tool is absolutely necessary. Otherwise vibrations will occur, which will result in poor surface quality, dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy. The vibrations are often visible as so-called chatter marks on the workpiece surface. In down-cut milling, the cutting speed and feed are aligned. In down-cut milling, the cutting edges slide suddenly and with full force into the workpiece, which is guided in the same direction. The force then gradually decreases until they exit. At the exit, the cutting edges slide over the workpiece surface and smooth it, so to speak. This explains the better surface quality, shape accuracy and dimensional accuracy compared to up-cut milling. 00:00 Interrupted cut 00:36 Cylindrical milling cutters (peripheral milling) 01:18 Cylindrical face milling cutters (peripheral face milling) 02:07 Face milling cutters (face milling) 03:27 End mills 03:57 Disc milling cutters 04:31 T-slot milling cutters 04:49 Milling cutter types N, H and W 05:57 Roughing and finishing 06:35 Up-cut milling (up-cut milling) 08:28 Down-cut milling (down-cut milling) 09:12 Up-cut and up-cut milling 09:53 Calculating the speed based on the cutting speed 10:59 Calculating the feed and the feed rate 11:21 Example: Calculating the speed 13:16 Example: Calculating the feed rate