The History of the 12 Crusades with supporting maps! 200 years of wars in the Middle East and Europe from the conquest of Jerusalem by the Seljuk Turks in 1071 to the conquest of the Latin States of the East in 1291 by the Mamluks. We talk about the 9 official crusades as well as the Baltic Crusades, the Albigensian Crusade and the Barons' Crusade. And of course, we talk about the Muslim powers of the Middle East with Zengi, Nur ad-Din, Salah ad-Din (Saladin), Al-Kamil or even Baybars. Not to mention the Latin States of the East, the Templars, the Hospitallers etc. 01:27: 1st Crusade (1096 - 1099): popular crusade and barons' crusade against the Seljuk Turks to retake Jerusalem. Creation of the Latin States of the East. 05:08: 2nd Crusade (1147 - 1149): Crusade of Charles VII and Conrad III against Zengi following his conquest of the County of Edessa. Failed. 06:54: 3rd Crusade (1189 - 1192): Crusade of Frederick I, Philip II and Richard the Lionheart against the Ayyubid Saladin following his conquest of Jerusalem. Failed to recover Jerusalem. 09:10: Baltic Crusades (from 1197): led by the Teutonic Knights to Christianize and conquer the Baltic countries 09:47: 4th Crusade (1202 - 1204): Crusade of barons diverted to Venice, the crusaders end up conquering the Eastern Roman Empire 12:06: Albigensian Crusade (1209): Crusade against heretics in the County of Toulouse. 13:23: Aborted Popular Crusade (1212): Dissolves quickly. 13:53: 5th Crusade (1217 - 1221): Crusade of Hungarian barons directly repelled by the Ayyubids then conquest of Damietta by the Latin States of the East to exchange it for Jerusalem. Failure. 15:18: 6th Crusade: sham crusade of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (excommunicated) who makes an agreement with the Ayyubid Al-Kamil to recover Jerusalem. Success but Frederick II crowns himself king of Jerusalem which initiates a civil war in the Latin states of the East. 16:35: Crusade of the Barons: preventive crusade which leads to the conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids. The crusaders manage to recover Jerusalem and other territories by making alliances with the various Ayyubid heirs. 17:43: 7th Crusade (1248 - 1254): Crusade of Louis IX following the conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids of Egypt. Conquest of Damietta to exchange it for Jerusalem but failure. In the meantime, the Mamluks take power from the Ayyubids. 19:44: 8th Crusade (1270): Louis IX attacks Tunis instead of Jerusalem, we don't really know why. He dies of an epidemic in Tunis. 20:27: 9th Crusade (1271 - 1272): In the aftermath, Prince Edward of England leaves for Jerusalem and negotiates a 10-year truce with the Malemuks. 21:08: Conquest of the Latin States of the East (1288 - 1291): definitive conquest by the Mamluks while the Latin States are in civil war and no crusade manages to form. To help me promote my work of synthesis and map creation, you can click on the Join button and make monthly donations to the channel. You can also make one-off donations on the Tipeee and Utip platforms below. JOIN: / @histoiresdumonde TIPEEE: https://fr.tipeee.com/histoires-du-monde UTIP: https://utip.io/v/3j8f10Wz === SUBSCRIBE === / @histoiresdumonde And press the bell to follow my videos :) Thanks for your support! === FIND ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA === INSTAGRAM ► / histoires_du_monde FACEBOOK ► / histoiresdumonde TWITTER ► / histoiresdum TIKTOK ► / histoiresdumonde Bibliographic Sources: Richard Jean, The Crusades, Fayard/Pluriel, 2012 Gousset René, The Epic of the Crusades, Tempus Perrin, 2017 Berbero Alessandro, A Short History of the Crusades and Jihad, Champs Histoire, 2018 Morrisson Cécile, The Crusades, PUF, 2012 Jean Louis Biget, Heresy and Inquisition in the South of France, Picard edition, 2007 Maalouf Amin, The Crusades as Seen by the Arabs, J'ai lu, 1999 Flori Jean, Pierre l'Ermite and the First Crusade, Fayard, 1999 Youtube Videos: History Questions, What are the major stages of the first crusade? • What are the major stages of the ... Nota Bene, Autopsy of a religion: the Cathars: • Autopsy of a religion: The Cathars Sources Youtube Maps: Ollie Bye, The Medieval & Modern Middle East: Every year, October 14, 2020, • The Medieval & Modern Middle East: Ev... Khey Pard, The History of Anatolia Every Year, May 5, 2018, • The History of Anatolia: Every Year Cottereau, The History of Europe year by year, January 1, 2018, • The History of Europe: Every Year